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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:28 pm
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Results for nuisance behaviors and disorders
43 results foundAuthor: Council of Europe. Criminal Justice Platform Title: Responding to Drug Markets and Drug Related Public Nuisance Summary: This report provides an overview of the hearings of the Pompidou Group Expert Forum on Criminal Justice between 2004 and 2006. During this period five platforms meetings were convened on the subject of open drug scenes, drug-related crime and the types of responses developed in various countries throughout the European Union and beyond. Presentations were heard covering the experience in over thirty cities. The scale and nature of the problem associated with open drug scenes varies from place to place. However, most countries have acknowledged that the complexity of the problem requires a multi-faceted response developed and implemented in partnership between relevant agencies and stakeholders. The report concludes by identifying some common principles underlying the various partnerships schemes and based on the evidence presented at the meetings, outlines a number of good practice guidelines for partnership working. Details: Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2006. v.p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2006 Country: Europe URL: Shelf Number: 118674 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug MarketsDrug TrafficNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government Title: Guidance on Managing Anti-Social Behaviour Related to Gypsies and Travellers Summary: This Guidance has been produced to support local authorities, the police and other agencies in the U.K. and to encourage consistency amongst agencies in their approach to tackling anti-social behaviour associated with Gypsies and Travellers- whether they are the victims or the perpetrators - and sets out the powers and tools available and how they may be used. The guidance includes advice on dealing with the following issues: various aspects of anti-social behaviour; policing and prevention; fly tipping and waste management issues; noise nuisance; and straying livestock. Details: London: Communities and Local Government, 2010. 25p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119398 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: South Australia Police Title: Alcohol and Crime: Late Night Liquor Trading and the Real Cost of a Big Night Out in the Adelaide CBD Summary: This report focuses on the impact of alcohol misuse on violence, social disorder and drink driving in the late-night economy of the Adelaide Central Business District (CBD). The key issue addressed is whether the State of South Australia currently has the appropriate balance of policy settings to allow the beneficial aspects of alcohol consumption to be enjoyed in the CBD, while minimising the costs and harms. Reducing the level of alcohol-related crime, disorder and injury in the Adelaide CBD is not simply a matter of having more police. There is every reason to believe that this approach would not only be extremely expensive, but unsuccessful. Given the complex nature of these problems, they require approaches that involve a range of key stakeholders. These stakeholders include the SA Police (SAPOL), the Adelaide City Council (ACC), liquor licensees, the Office of the Liquor and Gambling Commissioner, health agencies and providers of transport services. There is increasing community disquiet and media focus on problems of alcohol-related violence, public disorder and drink driving occurring in, and emanating from, the CBD. While this has predominantly focused on Hindley Street, increasing levels of problems are also occurring in Hutt, Gouger, Waymouth and Rundle Streets. This means that SAPOL’s resources need to be spread more thinly to respond to this trend. Over the last two and a half decades there has been a substantial increase in the availability of alcohol in the Adelaide CBD. This proliferation has occurred across several axes. These include: an increased number of licensed premises; an increased number of different types of licensed premises; increased hours of availability; an increased number of beverage types; and an increased number of special events licences. Several premises in Hindley Street and its environs have the capacity to trade 24 hours a day on the basis of them being in a tourist location. The extent to which this 24-hour trading actually contributes to the vitality of the tourism industry is very unclear. SA Police data indicate that 97.6% of those apprehended for offences and 97.9% of victims of offences in the CBD had a home postcode within South Australia. On the one hand, there could be a large number of tourists who are attracted to and utilising the CBD, who have an exceptional capacity to avoid trouble, either as an offender or a victim. The alternative possibility is that the current late-night trading arrangements are predominantly catering for the local, rather than the tourist, market. Having 24-hour trading means that there is no ‘recovery time’ for the precinct and there is little, if any, gap between the night-time users of the precinct leaving and the day-time users arriving. As a result, the day-time users of the area encounter the individuals left over from the night before and the often unsavoury results of their activities. The Australian and international research on the relationship between extended trading hours and a high density of alcohol outlets, and their adverse impact on alcohol-related social harms, is overwhelming and irrefutable. That is, as the hours of trading and the density of licensed outlets increase, so do the frequency of problems such as assaults. These findings are particularly relevant to the situation in Hindley Street in which the 24- hour trading premises are located relatively close to each other. There is also good evidence that reducing the hours of liquor trading reduces many of these harms. Details: Adelaide: South Australia Police, 2010. 41p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 119412 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime and DisorderDrunk DrivingNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Forsyth, Alasdair J.M. Title: Assessing the Relationships Between Late Night Drinks Marketing and Alcohol-Related Disorder in Public Space Summary: In recent years there has been growing concern voiced about an apparent rise in alcohol-related public disorder or ‘binge drinking’ within the weekend night-time economy in the UK. This research takes the barroom participant observation method into the UK nightclub sector, that is late night (post-midnight) drinking venues. This is a sector of the night-time economy where alcohol-related disorder is already evident and where such problems seem likely to become more salient with the current trend towards later licensing. In doing so it is intended to develop the observational method in order to advance its usefulness as part of a disorder risk tool kit for appropriate agencies such as the police, licensing boards, researchers and the drinks industry itself, indeed to all those with a vested interest in reducing alcohol-related harm. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Centre for the Study of Violence, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2010 at: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0031.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0031.pdf Shelf Number: 110738 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Hipple, Natalie Title: The High Point Drug Market Initiative: A Process and Impact Evaluation Summary: The High Point Police Department in High Point, North Carolina has gained attention from the U.S. Department of Justice and police departments, prosecutors, and local governmental officials through a strategic problem solving intervention that has come to be known as the High Point Drug Market Intervention Program (DMI). The DMI seeks to focus on geographically-defined drug market locations and eliminate the overt drug market and the associated violence. The model includes a highly focused deterrence strategy coupled with police-community partnerships that seek to offer sources of social support to the subjects of the deterrence strategy while at the same time re-establishing informal social controls within the neighborhood in order to prevent the re-emergence of the drug market. HPPD has reported very significant declines in crime in the neighborhoods where the DMI has been implemented and an NIJ-supported study indicates strong support for the intervention among justice system officials and local residents. The purpose of this report is to test the impact of the intervention in the original DMI neighborhood through a rigorous outcome assessment. ARIMA time series models were used to test the impact of the DMI intervention. Trends in violent, property and drugs/nuisance offenses were compared for the 37 months prior to the intervention and 37 months following the intervention. Conservative time series estimates that controlled for prior trends in the data and examined the logged-crime incidents in the target community (in order to compress the skewed nature of the count data) indicated that violent crimes declined an average of 7.3 percent following the intervention, property offenses declined 9.1 percent (though this decline was not statistically significant when controlling for other trend influences), and drug and nuisance offenses declined roughly 5.5 percent between the pre and post intervention period, controlling for important trend influence factors. Perhaps most importantly, the decline in the trend in violent crime and in drug and nuisance offenses was marginally statistically significant (p < .10) meaning the observed post-intervention reduction was very unlikely to have been produced by chance. In future analyses these trends will be tested with comparison locations and similar analyses will be conducted in the other DMI intervention sites in High Point. The results of this analysis are consistent with the impressions of HPPD officials as well as residents of the affected neighborhood, the DMI intervention in the West End appears to have had a significant impact on the level of violent, drug, and nuisance offenses. When coupled with the results of a recent assessment of a similar intervention in Rockford, Illinois that was modeled on the High Point experience, these results suggest the DMI is a highly promising intervention for addressing the problem of illegal drug markets and deserves further implementation and evaluation. Details: East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice, 2010. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Project Safe Neighborhoods Case Study #12; Accessed August 23, 2010 at: http://www1.cj.msu.edu/~outreach/psn/DMI/HighPointMSUEvaluationPSN12.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www1.cj.msu.edu/~outreach/psn/DMI/HighPointMSUEvaluationPSN12.pdf Shelf Number: 119670 Keywords: Drug MarketsDrug OffendersNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPulling Levers StrategyViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Barbour, Bruce: NSW Ombudsman Title: Review of the Impact of Criminal Infringement Notices on Aboriginal Communities Summary: Criminal Infringement Notices (CINs) provide police with an easy, additional option for dealing with adults who are suspected of certain minor offences that are usually characterised as criminal in nature. After a five-year trial in which 9,452 CINs were issued, the scheme was extended beyond the 12 trial locations to the rest of NSW in late 2007. In the first full year of state-wide use, 8,681 CINs were issued – most for just three offences: offensive conduct, offensive language and shoplifting. By contrast, an estimated 17,000 offences can be dealt with by penalty notice in NSW. In 2008, police records show that more than 500,000 penalty notices were issued to suspects aged 18 years and over. This was in addition to 170,000 criminal charges. The State Debt Recovery Office (SDRO) is the agency responsible for collecting penalty notice payments and taking enforcement action against those who do not pay. The SDRO estimates that the 18,133 CINs issued between 1 September 2002 and 31 October 2008 represent just 0.1% of the 15 million penalty notices that it processed in that period. While CINs make up just a small portion of police and SDRO business, the consequences for individual CIN recipients can be significant. Delays in paying a $150 CIN penalty for swearing or $300 penalty for shoplifting will usually result in enforcement action, adding an extra $50 in costs to each penalty notice, plus another $40 for each time that enforcement action involves an RTA sanction. Penalties and costs can quickly accumulate. Recipients who elect to have their CIN heard at court risk incurring a criminal record, a harsher penalty, additional costs and the stresses associated with the prosecution process. To the extent that CINs can divert petty offenders who would otherwise have been arrested, charged and brought before the courts, there are clear diversionary benefits. Paying the fixed penalty in the time allowed finalises the matter, providing a sanction to punish one-off misdemeanours without the recipient incurring a criminal record. There are also savings for police, courts and others involved in the judicial process. At the same time, the scheme preserves the right for recipients to elect to have their CIN determined by a court. Yet there are also risks associated with the use of CINs. These include risks of net increases in sanctions, in that some offenders may be issued with CINs in circumstances where previously they would have been warned or cautioned, risks that recipients might not court-elect or request an internal review despite having strong grounds to do so, and risks that recipients may simply ignore the penalty notice and become entrenched in the fines enforcement system - thereby incurring further debts, RTA sanctions and an increased likelihood of becoming involved in secondary offending. Our review has found that these pitfalls are particularly acute for Aboriginal people, who are already over-represented in the criminal justice system. The number of CINs issued to Aboriginal people has grown significantly since the scheme was extended state-wide, with Aboriginal suspects now accounting for 7.4% of all CINs issued, much higher than would be expected for a group that makes up just over 2% of the total NSW population. We also found that Aboriginal people are less likely to request a review or elect to have the matter heard at court, and that nine out of every 10 Aboriginal people issued with a CIN failed to pay within the time allowed, resulting in much higher numbers of these recipients becoming entrenched in the fines enforcement system. The impact of CINs and CIN-related debts on Aboriginal communities must be considered in the context of broader fines processes. During this review, Parliament approved important changes to the Fines Act 1996 that aim to reduce the negative impacts of the fines system on marginalised sections of the community, including Aboriginal people. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Ombudsman, 2009. 159p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 25, 2010 at: http://www.ombo.nsw.gov.au/publication/PDF/other%20reports/FR_CINs_ATSI_review_Aug09.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ombo.nsw.gov.au/publication/PDF/other%20reports/FR_CINs_ATSI_review_Aug09.pdf Shelf Number: 120074 Keywords: FinesIndigenous OffendersMisdemeanorsNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Order OffensesShoplifting |
Author: Great Britain. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Title: Anti-Social Behaviour: Stop the Rot Summary: In Spring 2010, HMIC carried out a review of anti-social behaviour (ASB) in England and Wales. This included an Ipsos MORI survey in which ASB victims were asked about their experiences and what happened when they called the police. HMIC also inspected the quality of the processes that forces use to tackle and respond to the problem. Working with the Universities Police Science Institute at Cardiff University, HMIC used these results to identify how the police can best tackle ASB. What works? Forces have the best chance of providing victims with a good service if they do three key things: Brief all relevant officers and staff (including neighbourhood policing teams, officers who respond to emergencies and CID officers) regularly and thoroughly about local ASB issues; Regularly gather and analyse data and information about ASB places, offenders and victims in their area, and use this information to allocate resources to tackle the problems; and Provide their neighbourhood policing teams with the right tools and resources to tackle ASB, and then monitor the plans the teams put in place to resolve local ASB issues. This report presents an overview of project findings. Details: London: HMIC, 2010. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 23, 2010 at: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Anti-social_behaviour_2010/ASB_SPE_20100923.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Anti-social_behaviour_2010/ASB_SPE_20100923.pdf Shelf Number: 120590 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Millie, Andrew Title: Anti-Social Behaviour Strategies: Finding a Balance Summary: Anti-social behaviour (ASB) has a significant impact on the lives of a minority of people in Britain, particularly in areas of social deprivation and inner cities. But it has little or no effect on the quality of life of the majority of the population. The general population tends to equate ASB with problems they associate with young people, including graffiti, drug use or simple rowdiness. Two-thirds favour preventive action over tough action against ASB perpetrators. In the local neighbourhoods, people were mainly concerned with three issues: general misbehaviour by children and young people; visible drug and alcohol misuse; and neighbour disputes and ‘problem families'. Residents often regarded ASB as a symptom of social and moral decline. Local agencies tended to explain it in terms of social exclusion – especially of young people from deprived backgrounds. Some people, however, thought that much of the behaviour now labelled as ASB simply showed that ‘kids will be kids’. These different perspectives on ASB implied different solutions. Those who saw it as a consequence of declining moral standards tended to favour tougher discipline. Those who saw it as a result of deprivation preferred prevention and inclusion. In all three case-study sites, local ASB strategies have been adopted that balance enforcement with preventive work, and emphasise the need for a graduated and proportionate approach to enforcement. This contrasts with the stronger national emphasis on enforcement. We conclude that both national and local ASB strategies should aim for a balance between enforcement and prevention and that more care is needed in defining ASB and in deciding the limits on the use of civil remedies. Details: Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2011 at: http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/1861347774.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/1861347774.pdf Shelf Number: 120835 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)GraffitiJuvenile OffendersNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Rogers, Ben Title: The Woolwich Model: Can Citizens Tackle Anti-Social Behaviour? Summary: This essay speaks to just one particular challenge: that of anti-social behaviour. It argues that while public concern for low-level disorder remains high, citizens have, for a number of reasons, withdrawn from day-to-day intervention. At the same time, policy has tended to focus on top-down, professionally-centred approaches to tackling the problem. This report argues that great gains could be made by taking a different approach – modelled on first aid – where people, including those with direct responsibility for managing the local public realm, are trained in basic community safety skills. Giving people the capacity to respond to anti-social behaviour and defuse conflict could, if pursued alongside continuing support for other forms of community policing, help reduce the problem and people’s concerns, while bringing wider benefits. Details: London: RSA, 2010. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Essay 2: Accessed March 22, 2011 at: http://www.thersa.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/327082/0882RSA_21CE_benrogers_web.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.thersa.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/327082/0882RSA_21CE_benrogers_web.pdf Shelf Number: 121098 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Queensland. Crime and Misconduct Commission Title: Sound Advice: A Review of the Effectiveness of Police Powers in Reducing Excessive Noise from Off-Road Motorbikes Summary: New noise laws providing police with greater enforcement powers to target nuisance motorbike riders who create excessive noise when riding in off-road areas were introduced into the Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld) (PPRA) on 1 July 2006. The new laws introduced a three-stage enforcement strategy which built on existing law enforcement powers that police had to respond to complaints about excessive noise from off-road motorbikes: the first stage temporarily stops the noise (for a period of 48 hours) • by the issuing of a noise abatement direction to the rider by police • the second stage restricts how the rider may use the motorbike for a period of up to two years by a noise abatement order obtained from the Magistrates Court • the third stage removes the motorbike from the rider either for a three-month impoundment period or permanently through forfeiture. Our review sought to determine whether the new noise laws have been effective in reducing excessive noise from off-road motorbikes. In making this determination, we considered: • whether the new laws provide effective law enforcement powers • how the new laws have been applied by police and the courts • whether the new laws are being used as they were intended • what impact the new laws have had on the community. We also sought to determine: • whether the new noise laws strike the right balance between the interests of those affected by excessive noise and those involved in off-road motorbike riding • what other steps might be undertaken to ensure the effective management of excessive noise from off-road motorbikes. To answer these questions we examined: • the operation of the new laws (as well as other relevant legislation) • the parliamentary intention for the use of the new laws • the integration of the new laws into the policies and procedures of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) • QPS and local council off-road motorbike noise complaint information • the application of the new laws by police and the courts • the views expressed about the new laws, off-road motorbike riding and noise management, in over 400 submissions and through consultations with stakeholders. Details: Brisbane: Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, 2010. 144p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2011 at: http://www.cmc.qld.gov.au/data/portal/00000005/content/29749001271203066024.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.cmc.qld.gov.au/data/portal/00000005/content/29749001271203066024.pdf Shelf Number: 121206 Keywords: MotorcyclesNoise (Australia)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Taylor, Monica: Walsh, Tamara, eds. Title: Nowhere to Go: The Impact of Police Move-On Powers on Homeless People in Queensland Summary: The project researched the use and effect of police move-on powers on homeless people in Brisbane. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the law and policies surrounding move-on powers in Queensland. Chapter 2 explores the historical and current policy concerns surrounding the use and effect of move-on powers. Chapter 3 provides a comparative analysis of approaches to move-on powers in other jurisdictions in Australia. Chapter 4 analyses the use and effect of police move-on powers on homeless people from a human rights perspective. Chapter 5 documents the empirical research findings. Chapters 6 and 7 analyse the impact of police-move on powers on two specific vulnerable groups; young people and Indigenous people, and Chapter 8 summarises the report’s recommendations. Details: Brisbane: T.C. Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland and Queensland Public Interest Law Clearing House Homeless Persons' Legal Clinic, 2006. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 7, 2011 at: http://www.qpilch.org.au/_dbase_upl/Nowhere%20To%20Go.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Australia URL: http://www.qpilch.org.au/_dbase_upl/Nowhere%20To%20Go.pdf Shelf Number: 121263 Keywords: Disorderly ConductHomeless PersonsHomelessness (Australia)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Blanton, Rebecca E. Title: Unlawful Detainer Pilot Program: Report to the California Legislature Summary: Renters who remain at a property when they no longer have a legal right to reside at the location may be sued for unlawful detainer. Most often, an unlawful detainer is filed against a renter who is no longer paying rent but continues to occupy a residence. A person may also be the subject of an unlawful detainer if they commit or allow the commission of illegal activity at a rental property. The Los Angeles City Attorney developed the pilot programs under review in this report to “surgically remove” unlawful detainers who were contributing to illegal activities as a method of counteracting gang and drug problems in neighborhoods. In 1998, the California legislature passed AB 1384 (Havice, Ch. 613, Statutes of 1998). The pilot programs were based on the program design of the Los Angeles City Attorney. The legislation authorized pilot programs, in selected cities, that empower city attorneys and city prosecutors to evict nuisance tenants when landlords fail to act. The bill authorized a program that allows law enforcement organizations to assist landlords in evicting renters when the landlords fear retaliation from their tenants. Additionally, AB 1384 (Havice) established “partial eviction” provisions in California. This allows the city attorney to evict only the tenant arrested for a drug crime, leaving the “innocent” tenants in the residence. The goals of the pilot programs are to remove drug dealers from neighborhoods and to provide law enforcement with an effective and efficient option for evicting nuisance tenants. Bill AB 1384 and subsequent legislation for the unlawful detainer (U.D.) pilot programs provide for an evaluation of the program to determine if the programs are meeting these goals. This is the fifth report to the legislature on the U.D. program. Prior reports to the legislature submitted by the Judicial Council demonstrated that this program is being used, but have not fully evaluated the merits of this program. Consistent with the requirements of Chapter 613, Statutes of 2009-2010, the California Research Bureau (CRB) evaluated the 2010 data on unlawful detainer use and outcomes. CRB finds that the program is in use and is supported by the city attorneys and police officers at the pilot locations. However, current data reporting requirements limit the scope of the analysis. In this report, CRB provides the legislature with both an overview of the current program and an alternative program evaluation model to facilitate a more informative analysis in future reports. Our evaluation of the current data, along with conversations with key stakeholders, revealed several key findings. The key findings are located in Table 1. CRB found that important questions posed by the legislature and legislative staff are not currently being answered by the pilot program evaluation. Additionally, several potential benefits of the pilot programs are not currently being measured by the program evaluation. In this report, we provide key findings available with the current data and those gleaned through conversations with key stakeholders. Additionally, we provide a discussion of program evaluation and potential methods for the legislature or future research staff to answer important questions about the use and outcomes of the pilot programs. Details: Sacramento: California Research Bureau, 2010. 105p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2011 at: http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/11/Unlawful_Detainer_Pilot_Program_Report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/11/Unlawful_Detainer_Pilot_Program_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 121778 Keywords: Civil SanctionsDrug Offenders (California)GangsHousingNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: California. Judicial Council. Administrative Office of the Courts, Office of Court Research Title: Unlawful Detainer Pilot Program: Report to the California Legislature under Health and Safety Code Section 11571.1 and Civil Code Section 3485 Summary: In 1998, Assembly Bill 1384 ([Havice]; Stats. 1998, ch. 613) created an initial three-year unlawful detainer pilot program in cities within five former municipal court districts in the County of Los Angeles to allow city attorneys and prosecutors to seek the eviction of any person who was in violation of the nuisance or controlled substance law. The legislation, which became effective on January 1, 1999, authorized the pilot courts to issue a partial or total eviction order to remove an individual who engages in drug-related activity. AB 1384 also required the participating cities to collect specified data on their experiences under the pilot program and to file reports annually about these cases with the Judicial Council. The legislation further required the Judicial Council to submit a brief report to the Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees on or before January 1, 2001, summarizing the information provided by the participating cities and evaluating the merits of the program. The Judicial Council report required under this legislation provided a summary of the program data submitted by the participating cities. Using additional information provided by the Long Beach pilot program, the report also looked into additional areas of program operations, including the type of drug violations leading to the issuing of eviction notices and the timing of the filing of unlawful detainer actions. In 2001, Assembly Bill 815 ([Havice]; Stats. 2001, ch. 431) reauthorized the pilot program for three more years, imposed more specific reporting requirements on the participating cities, and required the Judicial Council to issue another report and evaluation of the program. The Judicial Council’s report that was issued under AB 815 compiled the program data submitted by the cities of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Based on the more specific information on program activities, the report provided an analysis of different components of each pilot program, including, among other things, the use of the pilot program provisions to accomplish partial eviction of the offending tenants. In 2004, Assembly Bill 2523 ([Frommer]; Stats. 2004, ch. 304) further extended the sunset of the pilot program to January 1, 2010, made additional augmentations to the reporting requirements, and expanded the program to include cities in Alameda and San Diego Counties. The legislation also required two additional Judicial Council reports to the Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees, one on or before April 15, 2007, and the other on or before April 15, 2009, summarizing the information provided by the participating cities and evaluating the merits of the pilot program. In 2007, Assembly Bill 1013 ([Krekorian]; Stats. 2007, ch. 456) expanded the list of circumstances deemed to constitute a nuisance to include a person who commits an offense involving unlawful possession or use of illegal weapons or ammunition or who uses the premises to further that purpose. It additionally created a similar UD pilot project authorizing evictions based on such nuisance activities in the same cities covered by the original legislation, and added the city of Sacramento to the new pilot program. Details: Sacramento: Judicial Council of California, 2009. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 24, 2011 at: http://208.96.4.104/xbcr/cc/unlawful_detainer_pilot.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 121786 Keywords: Civil SanctionsDrug Offenders (California)GangsHousingNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Sweeney, Josh Title: Alcohol and Disorderly Conduct on Friday and Saturday Nights: Findings from the DUMA Program Summary: The Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) interviewed 161 offenders detained for disorderly conduct offences on Friday and Saturday nights as part of the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program. Analysis of new questions about alcohol use provides valuable information to support a range of alcohol harm reduction strategies, including Operation Unite. • Those charged with disorder on Friday and Saturday nights were more likely than those charged at other times to have consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and attributed alcohol as a factor for their offending. • Detainees who had consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and were charged with disorder on a Friday and Saturday evening were nearly twice as likely as those charged at other times to have been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank (37% versus 27%). This was particularly the case for young males aged 26 to 35 years (44%). • Disorder offenders consumed substantial amounts of alcohol in the lead up to their arrest. The median number of standard drinks consumed was 15, although this was higher for males aged 26 to 35 years who had been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank (29 standard drinks). • Of those who had been drinking alcohol, 40 percent of all disorder offenders consumed their last drink at a licensed premise. Thirty-nine percent had been drinking at a private residential location. Younger males aged 18–25 years were more likely to have been drinking at a licensed premise. • Disorder offenders charged on a Friday and Saturday night were more likely than those assault offenders charged in the same time period to have consumed their last alcoholic drink at a licensed premise. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Research in Practice, No. 15: Accessed June 27, 2011 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/6/6/%7BF6652BFD-09C0-4FB5-BC9B-01D2A65EEBBF%7Drip15_001.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/6/6/%7BF6652BFD-09C0-4FB5-BC9B-01D2A65EEBBF%7Drip15_001.pdf Shelf Number: 121827 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Griesbach, Dawn Title: Managing the Needs of Drunk and Incapable People in Scotland: A Literature Review and Needs Assessment Summary: The purpose of this research was to carry out a needs assessment, to identify what need there is in Scotland for services for people who become drunk and incapable in public. This involved not only estimating the size and nature of the problem, but also looking in detail at how the needs of this population are currently being addressed, both in Scotland and elsewhere, and how those needs may be addressed most effectively. The term “drunk and incapable” is used to refer to persons who are intoxicated to such a level that it is impossible for them to look after themselves. Thus, these individuals are vulnerable and at risk of harm to themselves and / or at risk of harming others. This research is intended to help to inform the planning and provision of services at a local level across Scotland, to ensure the safety of this vulnerable group, while at the same time reducing any unnecessary burden on emergency services. The study made use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Secondary data from the police and NHS was analysed to identify the size and nature of the problem facing emergency services in Scotland. A literature review was carried out to explore how the needs of this population are met in other parts of the world, and to identify good practice in providing services. Interviews were also undertaken with stakeholders and service providers in Scotland, and a survey was carried out of all Alcohol and Drug Action Teams (ADATs), to identify any existing services and the need for services in Scotland. Finally, focus groups were undertaken with service users to obtain their perspectives on the need for services. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2009. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 15, 2011 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/289905/0088834.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/289905/0088834.pdf Shelf Number: 122064 Keywords: Disorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly (Scotland)InebriatesNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Rix, Andrew Title: Youth Restorative Disposal Process Evaluation Summary: The Youth Restorative Disposal (YRD) was piloted in eight police forces in England and Wales between April 2008 and September 2009. Developed by the Youth Justice Board (YJB) in partnership with the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), the Department for Education (the then Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF)) and the Ministry of Justice, it aims to offer operational police officers and Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) more discretion. The YRD is intended to be a quick and effective means for dealing with low-level, anti-social and nuisance offending, offering an alternative to arrest and formal criminal justice processing. By doing so, it was also intended to provide a more efficient use of police time than current disposal options, carry public support and provide Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) with an early opportunity to provide support and intervention to young people who may be at risk of becoming further involved in criminal or anti-social behaviour. A YRD can be applied to young people between the ages of 10 and 17 who have not previously received a Reprimand, Final Warning, or Caution. A young person may only receive one YRD. Any future offence reverts to an established criminal justice measure. Serious crimes, such as weapons, sexual and drug offences are excluded. Both the victim and offender need to agree to participate in the YRD, which is facilitated by an authorised police officer or PCSO trained in restorative techniques. Children’s Services and the YOT are informed after the YRD is issued to provide an opportunity to identify early risk factors and get the right agencies to step in and provide appropriate support to the young person. YRDs are recorded locally against the young person’s name to ensure that young people are not issued with a further YRD and to avoid disproportionate criminalisation that would result from being recorded on the Police National Computer (PNC). The process must be resolved within a reasonable time (e.g. on the street or shortly thereafter). The policy backdrop to the YDR is one of growing evidence that early and appropriate intervention can have a significant impact on the likelihood of reoffending. There is also some evidence, both from the UK and elsewhere, that restorative approaches can have a positive impact on offenders, are popular with victims, and help to improve public confidence in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). In some cases they have also been found to reduce the frequency of reoffending. This research report is based on analysis of locally held management information and a small number of interviews with key people and delivery partners in each of the eight participating pilot areas. Across all the pilot areas, a total of 10 interviews were conducted with pilot leads, 56 with police officers, 17 with YOT workers and five with other stakeholders. These interviews were supplemented by case studies in four of the pilot areas and included interviews with victims (12), offenders (seven), parents/guardians (10). Six observation sessions were conducted in two of the case study areas. The report is based upon an exploratory and largely qualitative research into the processes involved in implementing the YRD across eight of the police force areas in which the YRD was piloted. The number of interviews conducted was small and the findings reported may not be representative of all views. Also, it is important to note that the pilot forces had very different starting points and contexts with regard to using restorative justice (RJ). Two had long histories of using RJ in general, across a broad spectrum of crime and non-crime issues, some introduced YRD forcewide, others more locally, and some had implementation issues caused by demographic or organisational factors. Finally, one of the eight police forces dropped out of the pilot (and the evaluation) after the initial interviews, as they felt that their priorities differed from those of the YRD pilot. Therefore, the data presented in this report should be viewed as indicative and this should be taken into account when interpreting findings. Details: London: Youth Justice Board for England and Wales, 2011. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 6, 2011 at: http://www.yjb.gov.uk/publications/Resources/Downloads/Youth%20Restorative%20Disposal%20Process%20Evaluation.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.yjb.gov.uk/publications/Resources/Downloads/Youth%20Restorative%20Disposal%20Process%20Evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 123001 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorsNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPolice DiscretionRestorative Justice |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: An Overview of Recorded Crimes and Arrests Resulting from Disorder Events in August 2011 Summary: This report presents an analytical overview of the disorder that occurred in parts of England in August 2011. It reports on 5,175 recorded crimes and 4,105 arrests across 19 police forces that were affected by the disorder. The analysis covers where and when the disorder took place; the types of crimes recorded by the police; and the characteristics of suspects arrested by the police. The statistics are based on police recorded crime and arrestee data and present a snapshot of the picture as at early September 2011. The report also summarises statistics released separately by the Ministry of Justice on the characteristics of suspects going before the courts. Details: London: Home Office, 2011. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 24, 2011 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/overview-disorder-aug2011/ Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/overview-disorder-aug2011/ Shelf Number: 123120 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionDisorderly ConductDisorderly Conduct (U.K.)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Froundigoun, Liz Title: Tackling Youth Offending and Violence: Intensive Policing and/or Dispersal Orders Summary: This research for Strathclyde Police was supported by a small grant from the Scottish Institute for Policing Research (SIPR). The research was requested by Strathclyde Police to examine two specific policing initiatives – The Enhanced Policing Plan and Dispersal Orders - for dealing with youth on-street disorder and violence in B Division; historically these neighbourhoods have been characterised by the endemic problem of youth on-street disorder, violence and gang activity. It set out specifically to examine if there was evidence of any long-term benefits from the Enhanced Policing Plan (EPP), an innovative partnership approach to policing in BD sub-division - Shettleston, Baillieston and Greater Easterhouse - which ran in the 6-month period from October, 2007 to February, 20081; and to examine the implementation and efficacy of Dispersal Orders in the neighbouring BA sub-division – Dennistoun, Parkhead and Bridgeton. The EPP was developed in accordance with ACPOS Public Reassurance Strategy and delivered in conjunction with Community Planning Limited (CPP) through a multi-agency approach2 following the ethos for the Community Planning and Community Regeneration Fund. It drew on the principles of the Glasgow City Centre Policing Plan, Operation Reclaim, Operation Phoenix, and Glasgow Anti-Social Behaviour Task Force where intensive policing and the delivery of diversionary activities, were found to have had a significant impact on the levels of reported crime, violence and gang activity. It was structured specifically to increase public reassurance through intensive policing by addressing on the one hand local concerns about youth and gang activity; and on the other the needs of these youths through the delivery of a combination of educational and diversionary activities. Dispersal Orders had been implemented in various areas of BA sub-division prior to the introduction of the EPP, around the same time as the EPP was running, and again during the period of this study, September 2009 – January 2010, to address alcohol-related on-street disorder and violence. Scottish Police Forces were given the power to introduce Dispersal Orders in the Anti-Social Behaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004. These controversial orders (Crawford & Lister, 2007) confer on the police the discretion to disperse groups of 2 or more individuals whom they deem to be likely to cause anti-social behaviour. The perception on the part of the police service in Scotland is that, in comparison to England and Wales, the nature and activities of youth on-street disorder and gang membership in Scotland are based on ‘territorialism’, a distinction which is generally perceived as being the most significant characteristic, whereas the relationship with organised crime that is said to characterise the criminality of gang membership in other locations in the UK is thought to be less significant in these locations. Therefore, after the deployment of these two approaches aimed at encouraging desistence from criminality associated with gang membership and on-street youth disorder, it is important to re-examine the perceptions, concerns and needs of the local communities, particularly those of the young people, and the police on: the effects the initiatives have had for on-street disorder and violence, gang activity and territorialism; perceptions of policing; and young people’s perceptions of diversionary activities and local facilities available to them in the communities in which they live. The research accordingly aims to establish what can be learned from these two diverse policing approaches and to identify any changes: in crime levels during the period when Dispersal Orders were implemented; in crime levels since the end of the period of implementation of the EPP; in the views of the police, community planning partners, youth workers and young people about what it is like living in the East End of Glasgow; in the effect gang and violent behaviour has had/is having on their neighbourhood; in the community views and perceptions of the effectiveness of the EPP and Dispersal Orders in tackling these behaviours, and in increasing public reassurance within the area; in what youths identify they need to encourage them to make attitudinal changes in making life choices; and in the working partnerships of the CPP and the police. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Caledonian University, 2010. 89p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2011 at: http://www.sipr.ac.uk/downloads/Youth_offending_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sipr.ac.uk/downloads/Youth_offending_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 123313 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crimes, DisorderAntisocial Behavior (Scotland)Disorderly ConductGangsNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPolicing Public DisorderPublic Order ManagementPublic Space |
Author: Breen, Courtney Title: Alcohol-Related Crime: Finding a Suitable Measure for Community-Level Analyses Using Routinely Collected Date Summary: Alcohol misuse causes substantial public health harm. Strategies have been proposed to reduce alcohol-related harm at the community-level, which requires suitable community-level measures to monitor changes over time and between communities. For alcohol-related crime, certain offences occurring at certain times that often involve alcohol have been used as a proxy measure. There is currently no adequate empirical rationale for identifying the most reliable proxy measure of alcohol-related crime. This report examines the suitability of three measures of alcohol-related crime. Police records of reported incidents from twenty communities in NSW, Australia, that were involved in a community-wide randomised controlled trial to reduce alcohol-related harm were examined. Three measures were derived; i) serious assaults only, ii) a broader range of assaults and iii) assaults and public nuisance offences. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) account for various sources of variability and correlation of longitudinal data and were used to determine reliability estimates for model parameters and in the calculation of the intraclass correlations (ICC). The broadest measure of alcohol-related crime (assaults and public nuisance offences) was found to have the highest reliability estimates between communities at a given time point and over time. This measure also had the highest ICC, indicating relatively more variability in the measure can be attributed to differences between towns rather than changes over time. The HLM approach gives more accurate reliability estimates than could be assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA. For the communities from where these data derive, the broadest measure is the most reliable for comparing rates of alcohol-related crime between them, and for assessing intervention effects over time. Details: Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2011. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical Report No. 317: Accessed November 23, 2011 at: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/shared_files/ndarc/resources/TR.317.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/shared_files/ndarc/resources/TR.317.pdf Shelf Number: 123433 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)AssaultsDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office. Secretary of State Title: Putting Victims First - More Effective Responses to Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: 'Putting victims first – more effective responses to antisocial behaviour'. It sets out the government's plans to deliver on the commitment to introduce more effective measures to tackle antisocial behaviour, and puts them in the wider context of the our reforms to the policing and criminal justice landscape and work to turn round the lives of the most troubled families. The term 'antisocial behaviour' masks a range of nuisance, disorder and crime which affects people's lives on a daily basis: from vandalism and graffiti; to drunk or rowdy behaviour in public; to intimidation and harassment. All have huge impacts on the lives of millions of people in this country. None are acceptable. Many police forces, local authorities and social landlords are working hard to to deal with these problems. However, too often, the harm that antisocial behaviour causes, particularly when it is persistently targeted at the most vulnerable people in our society, is overlooked. At the heart of our new approach is a fundamental shift towards focussing on the needs of victims, rather than the type of behaviour. We know what victims of antisocial behaviour want. First and foremost they want the behaviour to stop, and the perpetrators to be punished for what they've done. They want the authorities to take their problem seriously, to understand the impact on their lives and to protect them from further harm. They want the issue dealt with swiftly and they don’t want it to happen again. The mistake of the past was to think that the government could tackle antisocial behaviour itself. However, this is a fundamentally local problem that looks and feels different in every area and to every victim. Local agencies should respond to the priorities of the communities they serve, not to those imposed from Whitehall. From November this year, directly elected police and crime commissioners will be a powerful new voice for local people, able to push local priorities to prevent antisocial behaviour from being relegated to a 'second-tier' issue. The government does, however, have a crucial role in supporting local areas. We will do that by: focusing the response to anti-social behaviour on the needs of victims - helping agencies to identify and support people at high risk of harm, giving frontline professionals more freedom to do what they know works, and improving our understanding of the experiences of victims empowering communities to get involved in tackling anti-social behaviour – including by giving victims and communities the power to ensure action is taken to deal with persistent antisocial behaviour through a new community trigger, and making it easier for communities to demonstrate in court the harm they are suffering ensuring professionals are able to protect the public quickly – giving them faster, more effective formal powers, and speeding up the eviction process for the most antisocial tenants, in response to recent consultations by the Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government focusing on long-term solutions – by addressing the underlying issues that drive antisocial behaviour, such as binge drinking, drug use, mental health issues, troubled family backgrounds and irresponsible dog ownership It is vital that those who will be affected by these changes, from the professionals who will use the new powers, to victims seeking protection from targeted abuse, can continue to shape the reforms so that we get them right first time. We will therefore publish a draft bill for pre-legislative scrutiny before introducing legislation. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2012 at: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Shelf Number: 125269 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductGraffitiNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalismVictims of Crime |
Author: Hinkle, Joshua Conard Title: Making Sense of Broken Windows: The Relationship Between Perceptions of Disorder, Fear of Crime, Collective Efficacy and Perceptions of Crime Summary: The broken windows thesis has had a profound impact on policing strategies around the world. The thesis suggests that police can most effectively fight crime by focusing their efforts on targeting disorder—minor crimes and nuisance behaviors such as loitering, public drinking and vandalism, as well as dilapidated physical conditions in a community. The strategy was most prominently used in New York City in the 1990s, and has been often credited for the crime drop observed in the city over that decade. Despite the widespread influence of the broken windows thesis, there has been relatively little rigorous empirical research which has sought to test the validity of its theoretical propositions. This dissertation aimed to address this shortcoming by using structural equation modeling to test the relationships between perceived disorder, fear of crime, collective efficacy and perceptions of crime suggested by the broken windows thesis using survey data collected during a randomized, experimental evaluation of broken windows policing in three cities in California. The results are supportive of the broken windows thesis, but also raise some challenges. Perceptions of disorder were found to increase fear of crime, reduce collective efficacy and lead to crime as suggested. However, fear of crime was not significantly related to collective efficacy as suggested, and the direct effect of perceived social disorder on perceptions of crime was the strongest effect in every model. Nevertheless, the findings do suggest that a reduction of disorder in a community may have positive effects in the form of reducing fear and promoting collective efficacy, and suggest the limitations of studies which only test for direct effects of disorder on crime and/or do not examine the variables at the perceptual level. Future research needs to further examine the broken windows thesis, ideally involving a prospective longitudinal study of crime at place. Details: College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park, 2009. 169p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed August 3, 2012 at: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/9547/1/Hinkle_umd_0117E_10573.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/9547/1/Hinkle_umd_0117E_10573.pdf Shelf Number: 125845 Keywords: Broken Windows PolicingBroken Windows TheoryCollective EfficacyFear of CrimeNeighborhoods and CrimeNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Seiler, Bryan M. Title: Moving from 'Broken Windows' to Healthy Neighborhood Policy: Reforming Urban Nuisance Law in the Public and Private Sectors Summary: City and state governments throughout the country are increasingly turning to public nuisance law as a way to preserve public order in urban neighborhoods. Many cities have established problem property units to encourage neighborhoods to actively report public nuisance conditions and behaviors. This public order enforcement certainly fills an enforcement gap for both criminal and landlord-tenant law, but its misuse threatens dire consequences for the disenfranchised urban poor. Public nuisance law is a powerful injunctive force that can rapidly change the composition of neighborhoods, and, used improperly, can be a means to cultural, economic, and racial homogeneity. Despite the extensive academic literature on urban renewal, there is little written about the authority and advisability of the current policy trend towards the use of public nuisance law. This Note attempts to fill this scholarly void in several ways. First, it provides an overview of the history and present application of public nuisance law, with particular attention paid to the expansion of the doctrine during the nineteenth century. Second, it summarizes the many weaknesses of the broken windows policy system that currently dominates public nuisance law. Finally, it proposes a novel combination of both public and private reforms to state and local public nuisance law to ensure the proper use of public nuisance law. In particular, this Note argues that the infusion of economic value into an area of entitlement presents the best hope of striking a balance between enforcing public order while protecting vulnerable residents. Though difficult, this is a balance that all healthy urban neighborhoods must actively seek and maintain. Details: Minneapolis: Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs; University of Minnesota, 2009. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-19 : Accessed August 3, 2012 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1099019 Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1099019 Shelf Number: 125847 Keywords: Broken Windows PolicingBroken Windows TheoryNeighborhoods and CrimeNuisance Behaviors and DisordersUrban Areas |
Author: Mellgren, Caroline Title: What's Neighbourhood Got To Do With It? The Influence of Neighbourhood Context on Crime and Reactions to Crime Summary: The overarching aim of this thesis is to contribute to an increased understanding of how the neighbourhood context acts to influence individual reactions to crime. The general framework is that the social and physical make-up of residential neighbourhoods influences individuals, over and above individual background characteristics. Disorder is an important neighbourhood-level factor and its presence is more or less pronounced in different neighbourhoods. It acts as a sign of a general urban unease and has potential negative consequences for the individual as well as for the community at large. Four studies have been conducted each with its own specific objective. The first study reviews the Swedish crime survey literature in order to assess the national evidence for neighbourhood effects, paying special attention to methodological issues. Overall, the current literature provides mixed evidence for neighbourhood effects. Methodological issues were identified as obstacles to drawing general conclusions and specific areas that need improvement were identified. The second study examines the origins of disorder at the neighbourhood level and the relationship between disorder and crime. Two theory-driven models of the relationship between population density, disorder, and crime are tested alongside an examination of whether these models are equally applicable to data collected in two cities, Antwerp in Belgium and Malmö in Sweden. The results found some support for direct effects of disorder on crime in both settings, independent of structural variables. Some differences between the two settings were observed suggesting that the disorder-crime link may vary by setting. To further examine the influence of neighbourhood context, the role played by neighbourhood level disorder in relation to worry about criminal victimization has been tested in a multilevel model in the third study. Overall the hypotheses of the influence of both neighbourhood level and individually perceived disorder, in shaping individual worry were supported. Individual background explains most of the variance but neighbourhood context has independent effects on worry. Individual level perceived disorder mediated the effect of neighbourhood disorder on worry suggesting that the effect of context is indirect through its effect on individual perception. The fourth study investigates whether it is possible to identify any unique neighbourhood effects on the extent to which residents apply crime preventive strategies. Initially some of the total variance in the dependent variables was found to be situated between neighbourhoods. This indicates that the neighbourhood context may influence individuals’ willingness to take crime preventive action. As expected, individual characteristics explained a majority of this between-neighbourhood variance. An important finding is that the contextual variables appear to have different effects on different activities, highlighting the need to study different actions separately. Details: Malmo, Sweden: Malmö University Health and Society Doctoral Dissertations, 2011. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed August 3, 2012 at: http://dspace.mah.se/handle/2043/12283 Year: 2011 Country: Sweden URL: http://dspace.mah.se/handle/2043/12283 Shelf Number: 125857 Keywords: Broken Windows TheoryFear of CrimeNeighborhoods and Crime (Sweden)Nuisance Behaviors and DisordersUrban Areas |
Author: Ipsos MORI Title: Anti-Social Behaviour: People, Place and Perceptions Summary: By definition, the scale and impact of anti-social behaviour can only be measured by gauging the perceptions of those whose lives are affected by such behaviour. These survey measures continually show anti-social behaviour issues to be at the forefront of local concerns, surpassing the more traditional responsibilities attached to relevant local public service providers. The 7-strand anti-social behaviour index aggregates the extent to which residents classify different local issues as being problematic in their local areas. These range from environmental-related concerns of rubbish and litter lying around and abandoned or burnt out cars, through to vandalism, graffiti and other deliberate damage, people being drunk or rowdy, people using or dealing drugs, teenagers hanging around on the streets and noisy neighbours or loud parties. It is this 7-strand index measure that we use as the key perceptual indicator in our analysis. Details: London: Ipsos Mori,2007. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2012 at: http://www.ipsos.com/public-affairs/sites/www.ipsos.com.public-affairs/files/documents/anti-social_behaviour.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ipsos.com/public-affairs/sites/www.ipsos.com.public-affairs/files/documents/anti-social_behaviour.pdf Shelf Number: 126162 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)Disorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyJuvenilesNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Spaces |
Author: Heap, Victoria Title: Understanding Public Perceptions of Anti-Social Behaviour: Problems and Policy Responses Summary: Anti-social behaviour (ASB) has emerged as a major community safety concern over the past decade. Reducing the number of incidents of ASB and lessening the impact these have upon the publics’ quality of life have become key components of criminal justice policy. The British Crime Survey has provided evidence of the types of ASB being experienced and quantified the proportion of people perceiving high levels of ASB in their local area. This research suggests strong links between high levels of deprivation and perceiving high levels of ASB. Attempts have also been made to determine what factors drive these perceptions, in order to produce evidence-based ASB reduction policies. This thesis builds upon existing research into public perceptions of ASB by exploring public perceptions in-depth, using a mixed methods strategy. A three phase, explanatory sequential design was employed. Phase one quantified public perceptions in selected hardpressed ACORN areas. These findings were utilised to inform the topics for further qualitative elaboration in phase two. The third phase qualitatively explored how practitioners address public perceptions of ASB. Inferences were generated from all three phases of data collection, providing a holistic, coherent and contextualised discussion of potential policy implications of the findings. The findings presented within this thesis uncover new attitudinal based factors that are statistically and independently associated with public perceptions of ASB. In addition, primary and secondary drivers of public perceptions were qualitatively identified in the hardpressed areas studied. New insight has also been provided into the methods practitioners use to address public perceptions, particularly into the difficulties associated with measuring perceptions and the reciprocal relationship that exists between practitioners and the public. The inferences generated suggest that public perceptions of ASB are complex, with the factors influencing perceptions often interconnected. This thesis calls for greater strategic clarification regarding the role perceptions play in ASB policy, in order for accurate, locally applicable perception measurement to be achieved and a reduction in perceived high levels of ASB to be obtained. Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2010. 318p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 9, 2012 at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/9209/ Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/9209/ Shelf Number: 126656 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Attitudes |
Author: The Centre for Social Justice Title: Time to Wake Up: Tackling Gangs One Year After the Riots Summary: In 2009 the Centre for Social Justice published Dying to Belong, a landmark review of street gangs in the UK. We argued that gang culture is symptomatic of even deeper social problems: chaotic families; absent fathers; young people cut adrift and lacking purpose; and a revolving door criminal justice system which does nothing to change lives. In Dying to Belong we argued that without concerted action to mend our broken society more violent and appalling disorder will rear its ugly head. There is nothing more dangerous than a group of people who feel they have nothing to gain and nothing to lose. This truth was loudly confirmed when last summer’s riots erupted. Gangs played a significant role in the riots and it is dangerous to pretend otherwise – in London at least one in five of those convicted was known to be part of a gang. One year on, we have talked to members of our UK-wide Alliance of small, frontline organisations and charities asking them how they feel gang culture has changed in the light of the government response. Worryingly, many have drawn us a picture of little or no progress, despite the publication of a positive political strategy. Some have even suggested that the problem is becoming worse with increased violence amongst younger gang members and growing numbers of girls joining gangs. There is also deep concern that the Government is not serious about making a long-term commitment to tackling gang culture and its roots. Many in Whitehall regard the riots as a random one-off and mistake the quashing of the disorder as control of the streets. They could not be more wrong.The alarming fact is that many streets across the country are besieged by anarchy and violence. There is no control in such neighbourhoods. Gangs policy cannot be allowed to drift. To do so would be to give up on children and young people who have already been badly let down. It would leave communities ever more vulnerable to even larger, more active gangs in the future. The Government must rediscover the momentum and commitment it once had to tackle gangs. Without a reversal of the social breakdown and disorder that characterises too much of life in our most deprived communities, we will continue to see wasted generation after wasted generation. And countless other young people will lose their lives to this tragic and pointless violence. In the aftermath of last year’s riots, the Prime Minister declared ‘an all-out war on gangs and culture’ in response to claims that such groups played a significant role in the disorder. Over the past 12 months their part has been continually called into question. Elements of the media have leapt upon the finding that, outside of London, fewer than one in ten arrestees were gang members, citing this as proof that gangs were not pivotal. Statistics revealing that one in five of those arrested in London was a known gang member have been downplayed. Details: London: The Centre for Social Justice, 2012. 15p. Source: Policy Paper: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2012 at http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/client/images/Gangs%20Report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/client/images/Gangs%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 126862 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorCrime Prevention ProgramsDisorderly ConductGang ViolenceGangs (U.K.)Intervention ProgramsNuisance Behaviors and DisordersRiots |
Author: Kennedy, David M. Title: The High Point Drug Market Intervention Strategy Summary: Drug markets are the scourge of too many communities in the United States. They destroy neighborhoods, a sense of community, and the quality of life. They contribute to crime, shootings, prostitution, assaults, robbery, and have a negative effect on local businesses and on business and residential property values. Police sweeps, buy-bust operations, warrant service, and the arrests and jailing of drug dealers have not eliminated the problem. The drug dealers return, new dealers come into the neighborhood, and the drug markets are quickly back in business. Exasperated by the problem, the High Point (North Carolina) Police Department tried a different tactic and, to the surprise of many, succeeded in eliminating the notorious West End drug market. Creating swift and certain consequences by “banking” existing drug cases; addressing racial conflict between communities and law enforcement, setting strong community and family standards against dealing; involving dealers’ family members, and offering education, job training, job placement, and other social services, the police department was able to close the drug market. Buoyed by this success, the police also were able to close three other drug markets in the city using the same tactics. After studying the successes in High Point, other cities across the country have used similar strategies with similar levels of success. The High Point strategy does not solve the drug problem, but by eliminating street drug markets, we can reduce crime, reduce racial conflict, reduce incarceration, build a sense of camaraderie among residents, and turn some dealers’ lives around. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing, 2012. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 4, 2012 at: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/publications/e08097226-HighPoint.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/publications/e08097226-HighPoint.pdf Shelf Number: 127117 Keywords: Drug MarketsDrug OffendersNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPulling Levers StrategyViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Van Hout, Marie Claire Title: A Rapid Assessment Research (RAR) of Drug and Alcohol Related Public Nuisance in Dublin City Centre Summary: The research aimed to assemble an evidence base around perceived anti-social behaviour associated with the provision of drug treatment in Dublin’s city centre, upon which to build a strategic response incorporating short/medium/long term goals and actions within the area. It will be used to guide discussions on how to reduce visibility of drug related public nuisance, improve public perceptions of safety in the area and provide comprehensive, safe, effective and appropriate treatment services within a series of short, medium and long-term strategies. Methods employed The RAR method combined various research methods and data sources in order to construct an overview of the problem by cross-checking and comparing the information from several different sources, which included the following; 1. A critical review of literature using the following inclusive search terms: anti-social behaviour, public nuisance, open drug scenes, public place injecting, intimidation, drug related litter, situation crime prevention, policing, community activism, urban regeneration and drug mandated treatment from the period 1998 to 2012 and using several electronic databases (Google Scholar, Ebsco Host, Science Direct, PubMed). 2. PULSE data for the research area was analysed and provided by An Garda Siochana. 3. A mapping exercise inclusive of an environmental visual assessment using digital photographs to view the geographical distribution of drug and alcohol related public nuisance was undertaken to assess levels of ‘hotspots’ for public nuisance, anti-social drug and alcohol using congregations, drug related littering, alcohol retail outlets and placement of drug treatment, housing, policing and community services in the area. 4. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with business and transport stakeholders (n=19), community, voluntary and statutory stakeholders (n=19), and service users (n=23). 5. Random street intercept surveys were conducted with passers-by (n=25) and with drug users (n=26). The chosen methodologies are essentially concerned with participant experiences of anti-social behaviour in this research area, types of behaviours recorded and opinions around potential strategic response. Data was collected over a four-week period in November and December 2011 and January 2012 by an experienced Privileged Access Interviewer [PAI]. Details: Dublin: Strategic Response Group, 2012. 187p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2013 at: http://inef.ie/documents/SRG%20Research%20report%20final%20Dec%202012(Final).pdf Year: 2012 Country: Ireland URL: http://inef.ie/documents/SRG%20Research%20report%20final%20Dec%202012(Final).pdf Shelf Number: 128385 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrug Related Crime, DisorderNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Order Management |
Author: Louie, Christine G. Title: Community Attitudes to Street Prostitution: The Downtown Eastside and Strathcona Summary: In 2006, the House of Commons “Subcommittee on Solicitation Laws” agreed unanimously that Canada’s prostitution laws are “unacceptable” and need to be changed, but its members could not agree on how to change them. Consequently, this thesis explores the experiences and attitudes of residents and business-persons to prostitution law and social policy in an area that has long been a host to street prostitution: Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. The research involved an on-line questionnaire on respondents’ attitudes to prostitution laws, safety issues, street prostitution control, and their experiences with street prostitution. The study found that while respondents (n=122) did not want street prostitution in residential areas, they did support indoor and street prostitution in non-residential areas as well as policies that aim to increase sex workers’ personal safety. Seventy-six percent of residents thought that the sale of sex should be legal and 72% thought that buying a sexual service from an adult should be legal. Seventy-five percent of residents think that the government should decriminalize adult prostitution in Canada. Details: Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, School of Criminology, 2009. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed April 22, 2013 at: http://184.70.147.70/lowman_prostitution/HTML/CAP/Louie_Community_Attitudes_to_Street_Prostitution.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 128423 Keywords: Nuisance Behaviors and DisordersProstitutesPublic OpinionSex WorkersStreet Prostitution (Canada) |
Author: Palmer, Darren Title: ID Scanners in the Night-Time Economy: Social Sorting or Social Order? Summary: This project investigates the introduction of ID scanners in 'high risk' entertainment venues in Geelong (Vic) as part of an attempt to enhance community safety. Recently the inner city area of Geelong has been transformed into a significant 'night-time economy'. However, such developments come with potential harms, such as increases in crime and anti--social behaviour. Networked ID scanners are a unique innovation introduced to address these issues. The project documents what has been done, why, with what impact and what potential (or actual) harms exist to serve as a model for future policy and programme development. The research has identified the current interest in ID scanners across Australia and either planned or actual implementation of scanner networks in all jurisdictions. Such developments point to the need for immediate policy development in what is effectively an unregulated security practice, somewhat similar to the initial introduction of CCTV. Policy recommendations stemming from this research are summarised here and discussed in more detail under 'Conclusions and Recommendations' at the end of this report. Details: Criminology Research Council, 2011. 182p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 1, 2013 at: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1213/42-0809-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1213/42-0809-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 131579 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Night-Time EconomyNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Payne, Troy C. Title: Green Bay Chronic Nuisance Notification Evaluation, 20062010 Summary: Green Bay City Ordinance Chapter 28 allows the municipality to recover the cost of providing police services for chronic nuisances. Enforcement of Chapter 28 began in October 2006 and continues as of this writing. This report examined calls for service at properties with chronic nuisance enforcement to determine if enforcement was associated with a reduction in calls for service. Findings Our analysis found that: - There is an immediate, significant reduction in calls for service after chronic nuisance enforcement. - The reduction in calls for service persists over a four‐year period. There is not a general "rebound effect" at chronic nuisance parcels after enforcement ends. - The reduction in calls for service persists even after controlling for number of units, district, and city‐wide longitudinal trends. Key recommendations Based on our findings, we recommend that the Green Bay Police Department: - Continue recording detailed information for each chronic nuisance case. - Continue using human judgment when making chronic nuisance determinations. - Collect data on additional outcome measures such as community satisfaction, diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and officer time spent at each property. - Consider creating objective criteria for compliance. - Encourage officers and dispatchers to enter accurate arrival and clear times in the CAD to facilitate analysis. - Partner with local landlord associations to encourage their members to engage in crime prevention and good management. - Continue development of early warning systems for internal and external use. - Consider amending the ordinance to reduce police officer and analyst time required. Conclusions Enforcing the chronic nuisance ordinance is costly in terms of officer and analyst hours. This analysis found that such enforcement is associated with reduced calls for service. We note, however, that the best use of the chronic nuisance ordinance may be as a credible threat. That is, the credible threat of chronic nuisance enforcement can be a powerful enticement for property owners to partner with the Green Bay Police Department on crime prevention and nuisance abatement efforts. Details: Anchorage: University of Alaska Anchorage, Justice Center, 2012. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2013 at: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/research/2010/1301.greenbay/1301.01.green_bay_eval.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/research/2010/1301.greenbay/1301.01.green_bay_eval.pdf Shelf Number: 131677 Keywords: Crime PreventionDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Calafat, Amador Title: Lifestyles and Drugs: Prevention Interventions in Recreational Settings Summary: The publication seeks to explore a range of possible drug misuse prevention activities that could be delivered to young people and families during their holidays as well as in the recreational settings, and provide examples of innovative drug misuse prevention activities in holiday and leisure time settings. There are many economic, social and cultural advantages of national and international tourism and the problems addressed in this publication are far outweighed by the benefits. Nevertheless, there is a need to pool together successful experience from different localities in order to tackle problems related to misuse of drugs during holidays and in leisure settings. Certainly, big differences exist in the possibilities for responses available to different localities and settings - depending on resources available, extent of control (for example, licensing of premises for serving alcohol), local laws and traditions (e.g. laws and customs relating to cannabis possession and consumption) and the national contexts. The present publication will attempt to provide the readers with detailed examples of practice to illustrate the general principles which could be applied in most settings including: - understanding the issue through research, data collection and analysis, - involving the local community in developing solutions, - intelligent policing, - creating safer environments through planning and design, - working with local businesses to discuss issues and find solutions, - transport development, - providing alternatives to substance misuse, - working with and by the country of tourists' origin. Details: Strasbourg: Pompidou Group, Council of Europe, 2010. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: P-PG/Prev (2010) 7: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/Source/Files/minconf/P-PG-PREV-2010-7-en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/Source/Files/minconf/P-PG-PREV-2010-7-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132016 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug AbuseDrug Abuse PreventionDrunk and DisorderlyNuisance Behaviors and DisordersTourists |
Author: Delaney, Anne Title: Wales Anti-social Behaviour: Policy and Practice Review Summary: and the Housing and Regeneration Minister has said clearly that anti-social behaviour is unacceptable. The Welsh Government wants landlords to take a proactive approach to tackling anti-social behaviour, and for social housing providers to adopt firm and proactive policies to deal with it. Whether intentional or not, anti-social behaviour causes unnecessary worry, annoyance, and even alarm and distress. When it happens, it can harm people's health and well being, their quality of life and, in some cases, present risks to their safety. Its impact can ruin people's lives and communities too, making whole areas feel unsafe. The Welsh Government believes that anti- social behaviour is, and should be seen to be, unacceptable. They want all landlords to be proactive in preventing it from happening in the first place. If it does occur, they want landlords to tackle it early to prevent any escalation. The Welsh Government requires all local authorities and housing associations to have policies in place to deal with anti-social behaviour that include a variety of methods for tackling it, including prevention and early intervention approaches. However, current practices to tackle anti-social behaviour vary. The Welsh Government's Housing White Paper made several commitments regarding anti-social behaviour: (i) to ask the Wales Anti-social Behaviour Group to make a robust assessment of the current situation and good practice that exists, and to recommend further action for housing organisations; (ii) to take matters relating to anti-social behaviour into account in legislation relating to the private rented sector for the development of the registration and accreditation scheme; (iii) to evaluate the Wales Housing Management Standard for Tackling Anti-social Behaviour and use the findings to inform future action. This research project is the prime means of delivering the commitments in (i) and (iii) above. Details: Cardiff: Welsh Government Social Research, 2014. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2014 at: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/140212-how-social-landlords-tackle-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/140212-how-social-landlords-tackle-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132304 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Burrows, Michael Title: The Impact of Alcohol in Greater Manchester Summary: This report identifies available alcohol intelligence from across Greater Manchester. The data are separated into six categories: consumption, health related impacts of alcohol, crime, young people, and examples of interventions to tackle excessive alcohol consumption. The report contains the latest annual and quarterly data available. Where no updates have been published, the latest data published in the last quarterly report are provided here for reference. Where data are new or updated, these are labelled as such throughout this report. In the summary updated findings are formatted in bold Key findings for Greater Manchester: 1.1 Consumption - Synthetic estimates for increasing risk, high risk and binge drinking in Greater Manchester are significantly higher than both the England and North West averages. - Using the results from the Big Drink Debate in 2008, Bolton had the highest percentage of Increasing risk drinkers (27.2%; North West average 20.4%) and Manchester had the highest percentage of high risk drinkers (9.4%; North West: 6.4%). In comparison, Rochdale (16.6%; North West: 11.2%) and Bury (62.7%; North West: 61.7%) had the highest percentage of non drinkers and sensible drinkers respectively. 1.2 Health related impacts of alcohol - In 2008/09, NI39, hospital admission for alcohol related harm increased from 2007/08 across all Local Authorities in Greater Manchester. Manchester (2577 per 100,000), Salford (2527) and Rochdale (2547) had the highest rates, above both North West and national levels. - Latest data published by the North West Publish Health Observatory through the Local Alcohol Profiles for England (LAPE 2010) are for 2008/09. Here, intelligence shows that Salford had the highest alcohol-specific (885 for males and 436 females, per 100,000) hospital admission, again Trafford had the lowest in Greater Manchester - Levels of alcohol specific admission between the local areas have varied from May to June 2010. The rate of alcohol-specific admission was lowest for males in Bolton and Salford (89 per 100,000 populations), in Bolton for females (50). Salford saw the highest rates for both males (149) and females (91). - From May to June 2010, Salford had the highest rate of hospital admission for alcohol-related mental disorders (53 per 100,000) while Bury had the lowest. Salford and Tameside and Glossop had the highest rate of hospital admission for alcohol-related liver disease for males (18 per 100,000) and Stockport had the highest for females (12). - Levels of alcohol-related hospital admission (published through LAPE) have increased in Greater Manchester from 2006/07 to 2008/09. Manchester saw highest rate per 100,000 (2042 for males and 1161 for females) Trafford saw the lowest (1425 for males and 805 for females) - In 2009, Stockport experienced the greatest percentage of fatal and serious road casualties where alcohol had been consumed (16%). In three percent of all road traffic accidents, there were positive breath tests for alcohol. - In 2007/08 Greater Manchester Fire Service recorded that 43% of victims whose deaths resulted from fire had consumed alcohol. - Greater Manchester had a higher rate for alcohol-related mortality when compared with the North West and England overall. In Greater Manchester, alcohol-related mortality is greatest for males in Manchester and females in Salford, and lowest in Trafford. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 10, 2014 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/the-impact-of-alcohol-in-greater-manchester.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/the-impact-of-alcohol-in-greater-manchester.pdf Shelf Number: 132312 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (U.K.)Binge DrinkingHospital Emergency DepartmentsNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Mathews, Rebecca Title: Risk-Based Licensing and Alcohol-Related Offences in the Australian Capital Territory Summary: Since December 2010, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has calculated and set liquor licensing fees according to venue type, occupancy, and trading hours, a practice known as risk-based licensing (RBL). RBL was introduced in the ACT amid growing concerns about the prevalence of alcohol-related problems at licensed premises, increases in the proportion of assaults involving alcohol and increases in hospitalisations for alcohol-related injury. RBL aims to recover some of the policing and regulatory costs of alcohol-related offences with higher risk licensees required to contribute proportionally more to these costs by paying higher licensing fees. In 2012, the Standing Committee on Justice and Community Safety Inquiry into Liquor Licensing Fees and Subordinate Legislation reported that one year after the introduction of RBL in the ACT, alcohol-related offences had declined. However it was not clear to what degree alcohol-related offences had declined at licensed premises in entertainment precincts after midnight. Also, concerns persisted, particularly among licensees, that RBL disadvantaged some licensees and failed to address the contribution of off-trade licensees and pre-loading to alcohol-related harms. This study investigated the impacts of RBL on patterns of alcohol-related offences in the ACT and stakeholders' perceptions of its efficacy and limitations. It is the first study to attempt to evaluate the impacts of RBL on alcohol-related offences and to seek input from key stakeholders as to its efficacy and limitations. Details: Deakin, AUS: Foundation for Alcohol Research & Education, 2013 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 17, 2014 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Risk-based-licensing-and-alcohol-related-offences-in-the-ACT-Final.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Risk-based-licensing-and-alcohol-related-offences-in-the-ACT-Final.pdf Shelf Number: 132381 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: Reform of anti-social behaviour powers; Statutory guidance for frontline professions Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a broad term used to describe the day-to-day incidents of crime, nuisance and disorder that make many people's lives a misery - from litter and vandalism, to public drunkenness or aggressive dogs, to noisy or abusive neighbours. Such a wide range of behaviours means that responsibility for dealing with anti-social behaviour is shared between a number of agencies, particularly the police, councils and social landlords . Victims can feel helpless, bounced from one agency to another and then back again. In many cases, the behaviour is targeted against the most vulnerable in our society and even what is perceived as 'low level' anti-social behaviour, hen targeted and persistent, can have devastating effects on a victim's life. Our reforms are designed to put victims at the heart of the response to anti-social behaviour, and give professionals the flexibility they need to deal with any given situation. This is statutory guidance issued under sections 19, 32, 41, 56, 73 and 91 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and replaces the draft guidance issued in October 2013. This guidance is written primarily for the police officers, council staff and social landlords who will use the new powers. Part 1 looks at the new measures being introduced to give victims a greater say in the way their reports of anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Part 2 then outlines the new powers. We have worked closely with frontline professionals, victims and others in the development of the legislation, and we will continue to work to ensure that this guidance helps professionals make best use of the new powers to protect the public. Details: London: Home Office, 2014. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 22, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/332839/StatutoryGuidanceFrontline.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/332839/StatutoryGuidanceFrontline.pdf Shelf Number: 132730 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Pennay, Amy Title: Prohibiting public drinking in an urban area: Determining the impacts on police, the community and marginalised groups Summary: Public drinking laws, which are the mandate of local councils in some jurisdictions such as Victoria (but state/territory legislation in others), have proliferated across urban centres in Australia over the past 15 years without any evidence of their effectiveness. Previous evaluations of public drinking laws have shown that they often result in negative impacts to marginalised groups and lead to displacement, but also improve perceptions of safety among the community. Previous evaluations have shown little or no evidence that public drinking bans reduce congregations of drinkers or reduce alcohol-related crime or harm. The purpose of this project was to build on previous work and evaluate public drinking laws in three local government areas (LGAs) in Melbourne where public drinking remains a contentious issue: the City of Maribyrnong, the City of Darebin and the City of Yarra. The objectives of this project were threefold: - to evaluate the implementation of the prohibition of public drinking; - to evaluate the effectiveness of the prohibition of public drinking; and - to evaluate the impact of the prohibition of public drinking across three distinct LGAs in Melbourne. This mixed-methods evaluation involved seven key data collection components: - a media analysis of public drinking and public drinking bans; - sessions of daytime and night-time observation; - in-depth interviews with drinkers; - in-depth interviews with police, traders and other stakeholders; - a household survey mailed to residents; - focus groups with residents; and - analysis of ambulance and police data. Details: Canberra: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, 2014. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph Series No. 49: Accessed August 12, 2014 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph49.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph49.pdf Shelf Number: 133006 Keywords: Alcohol EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Nuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic SpaceUrban Areas |
Author: New South Wales Ombudsman Title: Policing intoxicated and disorderly conduct: Review of section 9 of the Summary Offences Act 1988 - August 2014 Summary: In 2014 the Ombudsman completed a review of the operation of the offence of continuing to be intoxicated and disorderly in public (section 9 of the Summary Offences Act 1988). This section provides for police to issue a person with an on-the-spot fine or charge the person for continuing to be intoxicated and disorderly after the person has already been given an opportunity to comply with a formal move on direction from police. Details: Sydney: NSW Ombudsman, 2014. 132p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 17, 2014 at: https://www.ombo.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/18852/Policing-intoxicated-and-disorderly-conduct-Report-Review-of-section-9-of-the-Summary-Offences-Act-1988_Aug14_web.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: https://www.ombo.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/18852/Policing-intoxicated-and-disorderly-conduct-Report-Review-of-section-9-of-the-Summary-Offences-Act-1988_Aug14_web.pdf Shelf Number: 133719 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Disorderly Conduct Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: Reform of anti-social behaviour powers. Statutory Guidance for frontline professionals Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a broad term used to describe the day-to-day incidents of crime, nuisance and disorder that make many people's lives a misery - from litter and vandalism, to public drunkenness or aggressive dogs, to noisy or abusive neighbours. Such a wide range of behaviours means that responsibility for dealing with anti-social behaviour is shared between a number of agencies, particularly the police, councils and social landlords. Victims can feel helpless, bounced from one agency to another and then back again. In many cases, the behaviour is targeted against the most vulnerable in our society and even what is perceived as 'low level' anti-social behaviour, when targeted and persistent, can have devastating effects on a victim's life. Our reforms are designed to put victims at the heart of the response to anti-social behaviour, and give professionals the flexibility they need to deal with any given situation. This is statutory guidance issued under sections 19, 32, 41, 56, 73 and 91 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and replaces the draft guidance issued in October 2013. This guidance is written primarily for the police officers, council staff and social landlords who will use the new powers. Part 1 looks at the new measures being introduced to give victims a greater say in the way their reports of anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Part 2 then outlines the new powers. We have worked closely with frontline professionals, victims and others in the development of the legislation, and we will continue to work to ensure that this guidance helps professionals make best use of the new powers to protect the public. Details: London: Home Office, 2014. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/352562/ASB_Guidance_v8_July2014_final__2_.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/352562/ASB_Guidance_v8_July2014_final__2_.pdf Shelf Number: 133746 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalism |
Author: Keizer, Kees Title: The Importance of Demonstratively Restoring Order Summary: Contrary to what is often assumed, order is not the strongest context for encouraging normative behavior. The strongest context effect on normative behavior comes from cues that clearly convey other people's respect for norms. Ironically, this show of respect necessitates some contrasting disrespect that is being restored. Using civic virtues (such as helping behavior) as a prototype of normative behavior, the three field experiments described in this paper reveal the impact of normative cues on civic virtues. Results show that the strongest effect on making people follow prosocial norms in public places emanates from seeing order being restored, rather than just order being present. The robust and surprisingly large effects show that observing other people's respect for one particular norm (as evidenced in their restoring physical order) makes it more likely that the onlooker follows other norms as well. This implies that prosocial behavior has the highest chance of spreading when people observe order being restored. There are clear policy implications: create low cost ''normative respect cues'' wherever it is desirable to increase conformity to norms. Details: PLoS ONE 8(6): e65137. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 13, 2014 at: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065137&representation=PDF Year: 2013 Country: Netherlands URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0065137&representation=PDF Shelf Number: 134071 Keywords: LitteringNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPhysical DisorderPublic Space |
Author: American Civil Liberties Union. Women's Rights Project Title: Silenced: How Nuisance Ordinances Punish Crime Victims in New York Summary: Housing security and access to effective emergency and police assistance are fundamental elements of creating safe and vibrant communities. For victims of domestic violence, housing and police access can take on even more importance, as they are often integral to escaping life-threatening violence and living free from abuse. However, municipalities across the country are increasingly enacting laws that penalize tenants and property owners based on police response or criminal activity occurring on a property. These laws - typically called nuisance ordinances, crime free ordinances, or disorderly house laws - deter crime victims from reporting crime and frequently lead to evictions or other harmful penalties for victims who do call 911 in an emergency. Details: New York: ACLU Women's Rights Project, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 26, 2016 at: https://www.aclu.org/report/silenced-how-nuisance-ordinances-punish-crime-victims-new-york Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.aclu.org/report/silenced-how-nuisance-ordinances-punish-crime-victims-new-york Shelf Number: 139861 Keywords: Disorderly ConductHousingNuisance Behaviors and DisordersNuisance OrdinancesViolence Against Women |
Author: Wooff, Andrew Title: Space, Place and the Policing of Anti-social Behaviour in Rural Scotland Summary: Anti-social behaviour (herein ASB) has become important socially, politically and culturally in the United Kingdom over the past fifteen years. Successive Governments have prioritised tackling ASB, with a plethora of legislation being introduced to tackle low-level nuisance behaviour. The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) shaped much of the policy in relation to ASB, with the flagship policy of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) being introduced alongside other punitive measures. Alongside the dramatic increase in policy aimed at criminalising nuisance behaviour, a large literature has emerged spanning the social sciences, allied health sciences and criminology fields. Despite a large number of studies examining ASB, none has thus far explored ASB in rural locations. Given that Scotland is a predominantly rural country, it is important that a concept that has driven a large part of the criminal justice agenda is conceptualised in rural locations. Despite the Social Attitudes Survey highlighting the fact that rural areas statistically suffer from less ASB, there is a commonly held (mis)conception that this means that the impact of ASB on rural areas is also less (Ormston & Anderson, 2009). There is also an assumption in the existing literature that because there is statistically less ASB in rural areas, that ASB is less serious than that which exists in urban locations. In addition to a general lack of theorisation of ASB in rural Scotland, the challenges of responding to ASB over a large geographic area adds an interesting and important spatial dimension to the way that ASB is tackled. The core argument in this thesis, therefore, is that the distinctive characteristics of rural environments are central to understanding the nature, meaning and impact of ASB in this environment. This thesis therefore begins to redress the lack of work on ASB in rural locations by conceptualising and analysing the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB in two case study locations in rural Scotland. Garland's theorisation of the new culture of crime control which emerged in the late 90s provides a helpful urban focused framework to examine debates around rural ASB (Garland, 1996). Drawing on the existing urban-based ASB literature, the thesis begins by critically examining whether ASB that occurs in rural locations is distinct from that witnessed in urban environments. This thesis argues that, although there are distinct aspects to the ASB present in the rural Scottish case studies, the ASB experienced typically mirrors that experienced in urban locations rather than reflecting a distinct form of rural ASB. Nevertheless, the rural context fundamentally shapes the impact that ASB has on rural communities. The thesis draws on criminological and rural literatures to argue that a more sophisticated approach, where scale, harm and context are central components of the way that the impact of ASB on rural communities is understood, needs to be developed. The limited rural literature examining crime often neglects the everyday, lived reality of the impact of ASB and crime on remote populations, instead tending to focus on the structural challenges associated with tackling ASB. Exploring the impact of ASB at this micro-scale illuminates interesting differences between the urban conceptualisations of ASB and those found in the rural. Progressing up to the meso-scale is important for understanding ways that the police and other actors respond to ASB in rural locations. The challenges associated with the scale of rural locations is apparent through the response of the police and other agencies to ASB. This thesis argues that, in contrast to the way that ASB is conceptualised in rural locations, there is a distinct rural policing response to ASB with a distinct interaction between agencies, the community and the police which is enabled by the scale at which each operates. ASB in rural locations therefore tends to be tackled in a more holistic manner, in which the circumstances of the individuals involved tend to be considered before the appropriate interventions are made. Context and scale therefore play a key role in understanding the response of various actors to ASB. Combining these three conceptual inputs, this study engages with an area of ASB which has hitherto received scant attention. In contrast to much of the existing urban ASB literature, which treats the context as a passive entity, this thesis argues that 'the rural' is a key contextual part of understanding the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB. Far from being a peripheral part of the ASB literature, the rural environment therefore should be considered of key importance for understanding ASB in other contexts. Details: Dundee: University of Dundee, 2014. 333p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6186556/andrew_wooff_space_place_and_the_policing_of_ASB_in_rural_Scotland.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6186556/andrew_wooff_space_place_and_the_policing_of_ASB_in_rural_Scotland.pdf Shelf Number: 150345 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersRural Areas |
Author: New York State. Office of the State Comptroller Title: Noise in New York City Neighborhoods: Assessing Risk in Urban Noise Management Summary: Every day, New York City's eight million residents face a mix of urban noise-street traffic, construction, emergency vehicles, buses, subways and air traffic are just a few examples-which, at best, poses an annoyance and, at worst, impacts quality of life. Leading authorities such as the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency have documented the harmful effects of noise exposure on health and well-being. Despite an overhaul of New York City's Noise Code-which took effect in 2007, and established more stringent regulations for construction sites, nightclubs, and other sources of noise disturbances-noise complaints made to the City's 311 Customer Service Center (311) are on the rise. In 2010, New Yorkers made 200,018 complaints about noise. In 2015, that number had risen to 384,118. In total, during those six years, New York City residents made 1.6 million noise complaints via 311, in expectation that their government would help address a problem that significantly impacts their quality of life. In February 2016, the Office of the New York State Comptroller (OSC) launched a public opinion survey to solicit information on noise in New York City neighborhoods to gain insight on the issue at the grassroots level and to serve as a risk assessment tool to inform our audit process. To disseminate the survey to New York City residents, OSC conducted outreach to New York City's 59 Community Districts - through emails, letters, phone calls, and presentations at public meetings-and to community media. The online Noise Survey, available in English as well as Spanish, Chinese, and Russian, drew responses from more than 4,000 people. The survey results in this report are a simple summary of the raw data and are not generalizable as presented here, but they do reflect the depth of concern and the range of issues associated with urban noise in New York City. To develop the survey questionnaire, we analyzed trends in six years of 311 noise complaint data, and interviewed New York City agency officials regarding noise management. We also reviewed available New York City agency data, regulations and statutes on noise management. We looked at other questionnaires and results of noise surveys conducted by other entities, and reviewed studies conducted by academic and policy researchers seeking to identify the effects of noise as well as potential mitigating solutions. See Appendix A for a discussion of the methods used in this report. Details: Albany: Office of the New York State Comptroller, 2018. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2018 at: https://www.osc.state.ny.us/reports/health/noise-in-nyc.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.osc.state.ny.us/reports/health/noise-in-nyc.pdf Shelf Number: 150477 Keywords: NeighborhoodsNoise ComplaintsNoise ManagementNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |